Discipline and Due Process: When Law Enforcement Investigations Require Bargaining

Reasonable Suspicion to Justify a Detention

What Hazards Do Emergency Medical Technicians Face on the Job? Working as an emergency medical technician (EMT) is a stressful professional calling. Often, EMTs must work irregular hours, respond to emergency situations in critical incidents, and sometimes make life-or-death decisions far from ideal environments and situations. EMTs and other EMS workers are vital to emergency

Is Divorce Common for Law Enforcement Officers? Working as a police officer in California is a demanding profession. There are long work hours, difficult cases that weigh heavily on the psyche, and complex legal matters that take up a lot of time and energy. Statistically speaking, divorce rates are higher among law enforcement officers than

What Are Administrative Hearings? When an individual or business disputes a government agency’s decision in California, that decision can be contested. This is done by asking the government agency or entity for an administrative hearing. In general, administrative law hearings are considered to be less formal than typical courtroom trials. The hearings are overseen by

What is Protected Leave in California? In addition to the FMLA, eligible employees enjoy benefits from the California Family Rights Act (CFRA). To be eligible for CFRA benefits, California workers must have more than 12 months of service with their current employer and have worked at least 1,250 hours over the previous year. California employees may also have access to Paid Family Leave

In an unpublished decision, the California Appeals Court affirmed a trial court’s decision upholding the dismissal of a deputy for an off-duty use of force, based in part on the deputy’s own voluntary statements to criminal investigators, where there was “no reasonable possibility” that the deputy’s use of deadly force was justified. 1. The Night

Like many other police litigation specialists, police procedures experts and police trainers, I have been intensely interested in the development of medical, pharmacological and biomechanical evidence that tends to shed light upon the phenomena known as sudden in-custody death. It seems to me that we face three (3) central hurdles in our quest to learn

“I had an A-D!” A law enforcement officer dreads the prospect of having to confess to the first on-scene supervisor or investigator in a tactical event that, for reasons the officer is unable to clearly articulate, much less understand, the officer’s gun, unintentionally discharged during the event. Minimally, the unintended discharge of a firearm in